In the past years, China has become the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, largely due to its demand for energy. At the same time, it has also become the biggest investor in renewable and clean energy. In this master's thesis, now turned into a book, we analyze the role that Brazilian biofuels can play in this transition from an energy matrix dependent on fossil fuels to a renewable energy matrix in China, discussing environmental issues concerning both countries, Chinese environmental policies, Brazil's biofuels industry and the cooperation between those two countries.